These are used only in relation to how well they approximate the real terrain or structure that they represent. No measurement, no map, no plan, no diagram. The most accurate map possible would be the territory, and thus would be perfectly accurate and perfectly useless.” – Neil Gaiman Photos: Trimble “The more accurate the map, the more it resembles the territory. Sources of Measurement Error-The Map is Not the Terrain Since there is an inherent error in any estimating earthwork calculation, the contractor must properly manage the resultant unknowns to ensure the success of the project. An accurate estimate of the earthwork volumes and areas is essential for a contractor to both submit an accurate bid that has the potential to win a contract and to properly manage the resources assigned to the project so that he shows a profit. But what was a matter of mystic philosophy to the Greeks is a matter of financial life or death for earthwork contractors. Pythagoras and other mathematicians determined those formulas that are still used to calculate the volumes of spheres and pyramids, as well as the areas of curve conic sections. Formulas and methods for determining the volumes and areas of regular shapes and surfaces go back at least as far as ancient Greece.
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